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Operating Principle of the Torque Converter
Release date:
2022-04-29 23:26
Source:
Dana torque converter It is a non‑rigid torque converter that uses a liquid as its working medium and constitutes one form of hydraulic transmission. It features a closed working chamber through which the fluid circulates; the pump impeller, turbine, and stator are respectively connected to the input shaft, the output shaft, and the housing. When the prime mover (such as an internal‑combustion engine or an electric motor) drives the input shaft to rotate, the fluid flows out of the centrifugal pump impeller, passes sequentially through the turbine and the stator, and then returns to the pump impeller, completing a continuous circulation. The pump impeller transfers the mechanical energy of the input shaft to the fluid, which in turn drives the turbine to rotate at high speed, thereby transmitting energy to the output shaft.
Dana torque converter The oil flow inside is reversed, and the pump impeller of the hydraulic torque converter is rigidly connected to the engine crankshaft. As it rotates, centrifugal force flings the ATF outward, striking the turbine blades and driving the turbine. The fluid returning from the turbine then impacts the pump impeller, resisting its rotation. This design features low efficiency but enables stepless speed variation within a certain range, which helps ensure smooth acceleration and gear shifts in vehicles.
Dana torque converter Operating principle
(1) Mechanical energy → kinetic energy process: The pump impeller is driven by the engine to rotate, causing the fluid to rotate about its axis along with the impeller, thereby acquiring a certain velocity (kinetic energy) and pressure. The fluid’s velocity depends on the impeller’s radius and rotational speed.
(2) Kinetic energy → mechanical energy process: The liquid rushes toward the turbine with kinetic energy, impinging on the blades and driving the turbine to rotate. In turn, the turbine acquires a certain amount of torque (mechanical energy). A small portion of the liquid’s kinetic energy is dissipated through friction with the runner during high-speed flow.
(3) The process of change in angular momentum: The guide wheel is fixed, so no mechanical energy is converted as the fluid flows through it. Due to the variation in the shape of the guide‑wheel blades—specifically, the differing blade areas at the inlet and outlet—the velocity and direction of the fluid flow change, resulting in a corresponding change in its angular momentum. The magnitude of this change in angular momentum depends on the variation in blade area.
That concludes… Dana torque converter A brief introduction—please feel free to contact us if you have any questions.
Dana torque converter
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